Kinesiology tape is the generic, non-branded term for elastic tape made of tightly woven elasticated cotton and nylon fibres. It is worn on skin in an effort to reduce pain, aid injury recovery, and improve movement.
Kinesiology tape has enjoyed a meteoric rise in recent years. Many of the world’s top athletes have been seen wearing it, and it has become commonplace in most physiotherapy and chiropractic clinics.
Kinesiology tape is the generic, non-branded term for elastic tape made of tightly woven elasticated cotton and nylon fibres. It is worn on skin in an effort to reduce pain, aid injury recovery, and improve movement.
Kinesiology tape has enjoyed a meteoric rise in recent years. Many of the world’s top athletes have been seen wearing it, and it has become commonplace in most physiotherapy and chiropractic clinics.
Kinesio tape in action at the 2014 CrossFit Games
As a result, a few myths about taping have emerged. I am going to put the record straight on the most common ones. But before I do, let me make clear my bias – I am a physiotherapist and a tape fan. In fact, I like the stuff so much I bought shares in a tape company (RockTape) and now head up their professional education program in the UK and Europe.
My experience of sticking tape on thousands of patients, running hundreds of taping workshops for health professionals, and taping myself whenever I hurt, is that tape works. It does cool and surprising stuff to reduce pain and improve movement. But I also hear a whole load of nonsense, misinformation, and misconceptions about kinesiology tape and what it does.
Here are four most commons myths I hear, along with reasoning to the contrary.
There Is No Evidence for Kinesiology Taping
This myth comes from members of the public and health professional alike. I’m not going try to tell you there is an avalanche of high-quality evidence that forms an irrefutable case. That isn’t true of anything I do as a physio, except perhaps suggesting people get up and move around a bit more.
“My experience of sticking tape on thousands of patients, running hundreds of taping workshops for health professionals, and taping myself whenever I hurt, is that tape works.”
But there is a surprisingly large body of academic work studying tape. Although the research often isn’t as high quality as it might be and the results are sometimes conflicting, the overall theme is encouraging and positive. The most recent systematic review here found tape to be effective in reducing symptoms of pain that lasts for more than four weeks when used combined with exercise.
Several randomly controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of tape to reduce pain and improve function in a variety of conditions. This study showed that tape and exercise are as effective as an injection and exercise in managing patients with sub-acromial impingement of the shoulder. Also for impinged shoulders, this paper shows tape combined with exercise results in superior outcomes in pain, movement, and function than placebo taping and exercise.
There are lots more studies. Plug “kinesio tape” or “kinesiology tape” into Pubmed or Google Scholar and take a look. You might be surprised. Sure, it’s not all one-way traffic. There are studies such as this one suggesting tape has little or no effect. However, like most of the studies with negative findings, they are testing tape on uninjured, unfatigued, and uncompromised subjects, so it’s no great surprise tape doesn’t do much in these cases.
So, more high quality evidence is needed. But the statement “there is no evidence for taping” is scientifically refutable. Let’s all please stop saying it.
Kinesiology Tape Is Just a Placebo
It just ain’t. An element of how it works may be down to placebo effects, just like any treatment. But several studies like thisandthishave all compared a therapeutic kinesiology tape application with a placebo tape (either a different tape like micropore or a kinesiology tape put on with no stretch). All these studies demonstrate the effects of kinesiology tape cannot be replicated by placebo taping.
“An element of how it works may be down to placebo effects, just like any treatment.”
However, there are always flies in the ointment, like this study that found the placebo taping they used improved jump height just as much as the “therapeutic” taping. Perhaps this is just a good reminder that we have much to learn about how tape works, and how we can best use it alter variables like pain, mobility, and endurance.
The Colour Makes a Difference
It doesn’t, but then it also kind of does. The myth I hear most is that pink tape will warm stuff up and blue tape will cool things down. This goes back to the history of tape being developed in Asia and picking up influence from colour therapy. The theory is lighter colours reflect more heat whilst dark colours absorb more, thus altering tissue temperature under the tape.
There are a couple of problems with that. Any change in temperature due to this mechanism would be infinitesimally small. And through homeostasis the body is constantly adjusting blood flow to keep the tissue at 37.5°C regardless of environmental conditions. May I respectfully suggest that if you want to cool something down, try an ice pack. If you want to warm something up, try a heat pad or nice hot bath. But don’t sweat it over tape colour.
It Is Difficult to Apply and You Need Lots of Training
It isn’t and you don’t. It doesn’t take years of training or detailed knowledge of anatomy to work out a safe and effective taping. There is a bit of knack to handling the tape and getting it securely stuck and wrinkle free, so you might want to practise a couple of times before you stick it for real. There are a myriad of You Tube videos (find mine here) that will show you how to tape for most common injuries. A few tips:
- Keep it simple. Less is more.
- Stretch the tissue not the tape.
- Rub the tape all over to ensure a good bond between skin and tape.
If you have a problem more complex than a bit of pain, tightness, or stiffness, seeing a good therapist with taping experience is probably time and money well spent.
“It is not magic and it is not a replacement for rehab and sensible injury management. If you’ve got a niggle, grab a roll, and give it a go.”
Conclusion
Kinesiology tape is a safe, effective, low risk way to give your body a nudge in the right direction towards less pain and better function. It is not magic and it is not a replacement for rehab and sensible injury management. If you’ve got a niggle, grab a roll, and give it a go.
You can read all the articles and research papers you like, but the best way to understand what this stuff does is to feel it do its thing.
Intrigued? Take a look at these:
References:
1. Lim, ECW et al., “Kinesio taping in musculoskeletal pain and disability that lasts for more than 4?weeks: is it time to peel off the tape and throw it out with the sweat? A systematic review with meta-analysis focused on pain and also methods of tape application” Br J Sports Med doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094151
2. Suba??, V. et al., “Comparison of efficacy of kinesiological taping and subacromial injection therapy in subacromial impingement syndrome” Clinical Rheumatology November 2014
3. Poon, KY et al., “Kinesiology tape does not facilitate muscle performance: A deceptive controlled trial.” Manual Therapy Journal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2014.07.013
4. Anandkumar, S. et al., “Efficacy of kinesio taping on isokinetic quadriceps torque in knee osteoarthritis: a double blinded randomized controlled study.” Physiother Theory Pract. 2014 Aug;30(6):375-83. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2014.896963. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
5. Tamburella, F., et al., “Somatosensory inputs by application of KinesioTaping: effects on spasticity, balance, and gait in chronic spinal cord injury.” Physiother Theory Pract. 2014 Aug;30(6):375-83. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2014.896963. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
6. Mostert-Wentzel, K., et al., “Effect of kinesio taping on explosive muscle power of gluteus maximus of male athletes.” South African Sports Medicine Association 09/2012; 24:75-80. DOI: 10.7196/sajsm.261
Photo 1 courtesy ofCrossFit, Inc.
Photo 2 courtesy of Rocktape UK.
Photo 3 courtesy ofShutterstock.
